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Camera Obscuras in Europe
BELGIUM
| Anvers |
1860s |
Overlooking River Scheldt.
Used to position and detonate defensive mines. |
| Tielt |
1990 |
"Cloud Chamber" by
Chris Drury. Temporary. Igloo-shaped building of wood & clay. "Pinhole"
only. |
FRANCE
| Mont St Michel |
c1947 |
Still exists in an small wooden
hut, off the beaten track. |
| Paris |
1733 |
Abbé Nollet submitted
this tent camera obscura to the Academy of Sciences. |
| Paris |
1996 |
At the Conservatoire National
Des Arts et Métiers. Currently not working but in store. |
GERMANY
| Frankfurt Am Main |
1996 |
At the Deutsches Film-Museum
6" f15 achromat, no mirror in 7ft square "box". Replaced previous
indoor tent model. |
| Hainichen |
1883 & 1908 |
Moved from ground level to
top of tower. Reopened again in 1985. Screen 80 cm across. |
| Mülheim |
1992 |
In the Briocher Wasserturm.
Optics by Carl Zeiss Jena. 140mm f65 lens. 300mm diameter mirror. |
| Oybin |
1856 & 1980 |
Old one destroyed after 1973
and new one built. Lens 8" f15. In shed-type building. Original in a tower. |
HUNGARY
| Budapest |
1780/1830 ? |
At the Royal University of
Buda in the Astronomical Tower of the Royal Castle of Buda(pest). |
| Eger |
1780s onwards |
New optics 1850s & 1960s.
Current lens 6". Original mirror still in use. Now the College of Education. |
IRELAND
| Dublin |
1992 |
Irish Museum of Modern Art."Cloud
Chamber" by C.Drury. Basalt-igloo with "pinhole" only. Temporary. |
| Galway |
Pre-1861 |
Now at the Physics Dept. of
University College. MahogaNew York box camera obscura. Size 356mm x210mm
x164mm. For art. |
| Wicklow |
1990 |
"Cloud Chamber" by
Chris Drury. Built into on old wall on Maulin Mountain. No lens but "pinhole"
used. |
ITALY
| Padua |
1999 |
"Reproduction of Canaletto's
camera obscura" - at Palazzo Angeli, Padua |
| Parma |
? |
In the Fontanellato Castle.
Used a prism. |
| Venice |
1859 |
Used to lay and detonate defensive
mines by occupying Austrian troops. |
NETHERLANDS
| Haarlem |
1791 |
Made by Dollands for amateur
scientist, Dr Martinus van Marum. |
| Leyden |
mid-C18th |
Now in the National Museum
of the History of Science. Two small camera obscuras. |
PORTUGAL
| Lisbon |
1998 |
At St George's Castle.
12 1/4 ", fl 7.4 metres. 17" diameter mirror. and 2.25 m. screen. By Sinden
Optical. |
ROMANIA
| Alba Iula |
1797/98 |
In the old observatory and
library, set up by Bishop of Transylvania, Count BatthyáNew York. |
SPAIN
| Barcelona |
1994 |
In inflatable dome. 8 vertical
lenses, fl of 8ft, produced panoramic images. Also used photographically.
Portable/temporary. |
| Cadiz |
1994 |
At the Torre Tavira. By Sinden
optical. 12" f17 lens. 17 1/2 " mirror. Screen about 2 metre across. |
| Jérez |
1998 |
In the Palacio de Villavicencio.
12" f16 lens. 18" mirror. 2 metre screen. By Sinden Optical. |
SWITZERLAND
| Endingen |
1995 |
Set up by artist Beda Buchi,
in multi-sided wooden building overlooking distant hills. Temporary? |
| Biel |
1996 |
At the Museum Neuhaus. 8 cm
plastic convex lens with 15cm x 20cm mirror. Optical housing made of copper. |
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